History of Jaisalmer Fort
Jaisalmer Fort was built in 1156 CE by Rawal Jaisal, a Bhati Rajput ruler. He chose the Trikuta Hill for its strategic advantage after being unhappy with his earlier capital at Lodhruva. This decision marked the establishment of Jaisalmer city, and the fort became its centerpiece.
In 1299 CE, the fort experienced one of its most tragic events when Alauddin Khalji of the Delhi Sultanate laid siege. This action was reportedly sparked by a Bhati raid on his treasure caravan. As defeat loomed, the Rajput women performed Jauhar, or mass self-immolation, while the men, led by Mularaja, fought bravely until their deaths. The fort briefly fell under Sultanate control before some surviving Bhatis reoccupied it.
During the reign of Rawal Lunakaran, from around 1530 to 1551 CE, another siege occurred. This time, Afghan chief, Amir Ali led the attack. Fearing defeat and unable to prepare for Jauhar, Lunakaran sadly ordered the killing of the women. Unfortunately, reinforcements arrived shortly after the killings, and the army of Jaisalmer became victorious in its defence of the fort.
In 1541 CE, Emperor Humayun attacked the fort while en route to Ajmer. Despite strong resistance, the Bhatis eventually formed an alliance with the Mughals and even made matrimonial ties. The fort remained under Mughal control until 1762 when Maharawal Mulraj regained authority.
A treaty with the British East India Company in 1818 allowed Mulraj to keep control in exchange for loyalty and protection. After his death, his grandson Gaj Singh took over.
As maritime trade grew through Bombay, Jaisalmer’s role as a trading center declined. After Independence and following the Partition of India, its ancient trade routes to the west were cut off, shifting the city’s focus toward tourism.
Despite these changes, Jaisalmer Fort stayed important, especially during the 1965 and 1971 Indo-Pak wars because of its border proximity. Today, it is one of the few “living forts” in the world, still home to about 4,000 residents, mainly descendants of Brahmin and Rajput communities who once served the Bhati rulers. As the population grew, many eventually settled outside the fort, leading to the present-day city.
Architecture & Design of Jaisalmer
Perched on the 250-foot-high Trikuta Hill, Jaisalmer Fort stretches 1,500 feet in length and 750 feet in width. It stands like a golden sentinel above the Thar Desert. Built from yellow sandstone, the fort has a unique triple-ringed defense structure. A 15-foot-high outer wall forms the base layer, while a 4-km-long inner wall with 99 bastions reinforces the fortress. Notably, 92 of these bastions were built or rebuilt between 1633 and 1647. The approach to the citadel is protected by four massive gateways, one of which was historically defended by cannons.
Inside the fort, several grand structures reflect its royal and religious heritage. Some of the main attractions of Jaisalmer Fort are:
- Raj Mahal Palace (Jaisalmer Fort Palace Museum): Once the royal home of the Maharawals of Jaisalmer, the Raj Mahal Palace is now open to the public as the Jaisalmer Fort Palace Museum. This seven-storied complex has stone-carved balconies, jharokhas, and courtyards that show Rajput architectural skill. Visitors can explore private chambers, throne rooms, and darbar halls filled with royal items such as weapons, manuscripts, costumes, and paintings. The upper terraces provide stunning views of the golden city and the Thar Desert.
- Jain Temples: Built between the 12th and 16th centuries, these seven intricately carved Jain temples are made of yellow sandstone. The Sambhavanatha Temple is especially well-known for its collection of over 600 idols and ancient Jain scriptures. This makes the fort an important destination for Jaisalmer temple tourism.
- Merchant Havelis: The fort is home to several ornate havelis, once built by wealthy merchants and advisors. These architectural treasures showcase the wealth and artistry of medieval Jaisalmer. Key examples include Vyas Haveli, built in the 15th century; this haveli is still occupied by descendants of the original family and Shree Nath Palace, Once home to the prime minister of Jaisalmer, this palace is adorned with wooden carvings and arched balconies.
- Nathmal Ki Haveli: An architectural marvel built by two brothers from opposite ends. It blends Rajputana and Islamic designs. The structure’s asymmetry and the twin stone elephants at the entrance make it one of the top attractions in Jaisalmer.
Cultural Significance of Jaisalmer Fort
Jaisalmer Fort is not just an architectural wonder, it is a lively cultural hub that showcases the living heritage of Rajasthan. Within its majestic golden walls, visitors can find a delightful mix of local eateries, rooftop cafés, and family-run restaurants. These spots serve Rajasthani and even Italian and French dishes. Many of them are located inside centuries-old buildings and offer sweeping views of the Thar Desert and the golden city below. This experience provides a true taste of Jaisalmer tourism.
The fort also has deep importance in Indian literature and cinema. Celebrated filmmaker Satyajit Ray featured the fort in his famous detective novel and film “Sonar Kella” (The Golden Fortress). This timeless story introduced Jaisalmer Fort to generations of readers and movie lovers.
In June 2013, Jaisalmer Fort, along with five other historic Rajasthan forts: Amber, Chittorgarh, Gagron, Kumbhalgarh, and Ranthambore were added to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list. These forts were recognized as a “serial cultural property,” celebrating their unique Rajput military hill architecture and their role in preserving the warrior traditions of the region.
Festivals & Events
Jaisalmer Fort serves as a lively stage for cultural festivals and spiritual events that draw artists, travelers, and culture enthusiasts from around the world. These festivals play a key role in Jaisalmer tourism, offering a perfect mix of heritage, art, and devotion.
Jaisalmer Desert Festival
Every February, the Jaisalmer Desert Festival marks the most spectacular event in the Golden City. The fort provides a stunning backdrop for this grand occasion, featuring colorful processions, folk music and dance, camel races, turban-tying contests, and puppet shows. As night approaches, the sandstone walls come alive with cultural performances and light displays, creating a visual and cultural delight.
This festival is a cornerstone of Jaisalmer tourism and stands out as one of the top attractions in Jaisalmer, especially for those looking for an authentic Rajasthani experience.
Diwali and Dussehra Celebrations
During Diwali, the festival of lights, and Dussehra, the fort is beautifully lit. Local communities host traditional plays and devotional events. While these festivals may be smaller, they provide visitors with a chance to see the living traditions within Jaisalmer Fort, adding spiritual warmth to its royal atmosphere.
Mahashivratri at Laxminath Temple
Inside the fort, the Laxminath Temple is dedicated to Lord Vishnu and Goddess Lakshmi. During Mahashivratri, this temple becomes a gathering place for devotees who come for special prayers and rituals. Although it is mainly a Vaishnavite shrine, the fort resonates with spiritual chants, showcasing its religious inclusivity.
Interesting Facts About Jaisalmer Fort
- Jaisalmer Fort is one of the few "living forts" in the world. It still houses around 4,000 people, many of whom are descendants of the original Brahmin and Rajput communities that served the Bhati rulers.
- The fort’s original rainwater drainage system, called “ghut nali,” was a clever design that directed water in all four directions. However, modern construction has affected its efficiency.
- Vyas Haveli, built in the 15th century, is still inhabited by the descendants of the original family. It preserves a living piece of Jaisalmer’s heritage.
- In 2013, UNESCO declared Jaisalmer Fort a World Heritage Site as part of the “Hill Forts of Rajasthan” collection. This recognized its cultural and architectural importance.
Nearby Attractions to Visit
After visiting the impressive Jaisalmer Fort, guests can find several interesting sites nearby. These landmarks provide greater understanding of the heritage, spirituality, and artistic history of the Golden City. They are among the main attractions in Jaisalmer tourism.
- Patwon Ki Haveli
- Salim Singh Ki Haveli
- Nathmal Ki Haveli
- Gadisar Lake
- Jain Temples (inside the Fort)
- Laxminath Temple
- Baa Ri Haveli Museum
- Shree Nath Palace
- Vyas Haveli
- Bada Bagh
- Tazia Tower
- Desert Cultural Centre & Museum
Other Information
Opening Hours: As a living fort, Jaisalmer Fort is generally accessible 24 hours a day. However, the Maharawal's Palace Museum inside the fort has specific visiting hours:
Maharawal's Palace Museum: Typically, open daily from 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM.
ENTRY FEE
Tickets are required for the Maharawal's Palace Museum and for camera usage:
Maharawal's Palace Museum Entry
- Indian Adults: INR 50 - INR 100 per person.
- Foreign Tourists: INR 250 - INR 300 per person.
- Camera Fee (for Palace Museum):
- Still Camera: INR 50 - INR 100.
- Video Camera: INR 100 - INR 150.
Note: Fees may vary. It's best to verify the exact current rates at the ticket counter upon your arrival.
Address- Jaisalmer Fort, Fort Rd, Jaisalmer, Rajasthan 345001, India
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